April 2007

Elements and Principles: Pattern
from the AIFD Guide to Floral Design

  1. A repeated combination of line, form, color, texture, and/or space
  2. The silhouette of a flower or an arrangement as observed against it’s background, including solids and spaces

These two definitions actually grow from the same broad idea: a pattern is a compos­ite of features resulting in a decorative design of natural or artistic origin, be it sym­metrical or asymmetrical. The variegated markings on a calathea leaf or the speckles in the throat of an alstroemeria represent natural patterns which, besides providing some obscure evolutionary advantage, enhance the beauty of this flora to the human eye. Truly, we see patterns all around us: sycamore bark, snakeskin, butterfly wings, snowflakes, fern fronds, seashells, maple leaves, ete.

All of nature is composed of patterns. Because we are conditioned to discern patterns, we are naturally drawn to them, and so by creating patterns within a floral composition, we generate appeal.

The concept of repetition is important in that design elements placed in a repeated pattern can generate a sense of rhythm as well as interest. Any element that is used more than once can suggest a pattern. Patterns are similarly utilized in other areas of expression, such as the textures of fabric, the motifs of wallpaper, the lines of furniture, the forms of architecture, the cadence of poetry ... even the steps of ballroom dancing. In musical composition, the repetition of a theme or the alternation between the verses and the chorus of a song create a pattern of sound.

A silhouette represents a pattern as well, such as the paper patterns used to cut out fabric from which to make a dress. The outline of an arrangement defines its boundary and shape, and the patterned interplay between filled spaces and gaps can also create interest and lend a certain character to a design, independent of its colors and textures. For example, the pattern of a formalinear style design would be much more open and bold than that of a compact nosegay. As with each of the elements of design, the decision whether to emphasize pattern or to minimize it, rests with the designer. As might be expected, the principle of rhythm arises directly from the use of pattern.